Moisturizers or emollients /ɨˈmɒliənts/ are complex mixtures of chemical agents specially designed to make the external layers of the skin (epidermis) softer and more pliable, by increasing its hydration (water content) by reducing evaporation. Naturally occurring skin lipids and sterols as well as artificial or natural oils,humectants, emollients, lubricants, etc. may be part of the composition of commercial skin moisturizers. They usually are available as commercial products forcosmetic and therapeutic uses, but can also be made at home using commonpharmacy ingredients.
By indication
Moisturizers prevent and treat dry skin, protect sensitive skin, improve skin tone and texture, and mask imperfections.
Preservation of normal skin
Moisturizers can be used to prevent the skin from becoming too dry or oily, such as with light, nongreasy water-based moisturizers. Such moisturizers often contain lightweight oils, such as cetyl alcohol, or silicone-derived ingredients, such as cyclomethicone.
Dry skin
For treating skin dryness, the most appropriate moisturizers are heavier, oil-based moisturizers that contain ingredients such as antioxidants,grape seed oil or dimethicone. For very dry, cracked skin, petrolatum-based products are preferable, as they are more lasting than creams and are more effective in preventing water evaporation.
Oily skin
In oily skin, moisturizers can still be useful after activities causing skin dryness, such as other skin care products and washing.[1] For oily skin, water-based moisturizers that are specifically noncomedogenic are preferable, as there is less risk of comedo formation.
Aging skin
Appropriate moisturizers to keep aging skin soft and well hydrated are oil-based ones that contain petrolatum as the base, along withantioxidants or alpha hydroxy acids against wrinkles.
Sensitive skin
On sensitive skin (which otherwise is susceptible to skin irritations, redness, itching or rashes), it is preferable with moisturizers that contain soothing ingredients such as chamomile or aloe and that minimize potential allergens such as fragrances or dyes, as well as irritants such as acids.
Eczema
In eczema it is generally best to match thicker ointments to the driest, flakiest skin. Light emollients like aqueous cream may not have any effect on severely dry skin. Some common emollients for the relief of eczema include Oilatum, Balneum, Medi Oil, Diprobase, bath oils and aqueous cream. Sebexol, Epaderm ointment, Exederm and Eucerin lotion or cream may also be helpful with itching. Lotions or creams may be applied directly to the skin after bathing to lock in moisture. Moisturizing gloves (gloves which keep emollients in contact with skin on the hands) can be worn while sleeping. Generally, twice-daily applications of emollients work best. While creams are easy to apply, they are quickly absorbed into the skin, and therefore need frequent reapplication. Ointments, with less water content, stay on the skin for longer and need fewer applications, but they can be greasy and inconvenient.
Recently, ceramides, which are the major lipid constituent of the stratum corneum, have been used in the treatment of eczema. They are often one of the ingredients of modern moisturizers. These lipids were also successfully produced synthetically in the laboratory.
Mechanisms of action
There are three methods used to moisturize skin:
1. Occlusives: These work by forming a thin film on the surface of the skin to prevent any loss of moisture.
2. Humectants: These attract water from the air in order to moisturize the skin.
3. Restoration of Deficient Materials: These are more complex and try to restore natural moisturizing factors on the skin such as amino-lipids.
Risks of moisturizers
Two factors have to be considered when assessing the safety of a moisturizer:
1. The safety of the ingredients it contains. There are on-line databases like Skin Deep where consumers can get information about individual cosmetic ingredients.
2. The risk of bacterial contamination.
A recent study discovered that the application of certain moisturizers increases the incidence of skin cancer in high-risk mice, though it should be noted that these animals were subjected to UVB radiation in high doses over a long period of time prior to application of moisturizers. Four popular moisturizers were tested, providing the same result. It is not yet known if the same applies to humans. A fifth moisturizer, specially prepared without mineral oil and sodium lauryl sulphate, had no such effect. The researchers asked Johnson & Johnson to produce this cream for the study, which the pharmaceutical company later patented.
Some people are sensitive or allergic to certain chemical components, which can cause irritation, rashes, and other allergic reactions.
As with most skin-care products, there is a risk of moisturizers being contaminated with bacteria that can cause disease.
| Skin care: Moisturizing Facial Cream | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Facial care >> Moisturizing products (creams & lotions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | Amerchol Corporation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | moisturizing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | This all day moisturizing cream moisturizes and provides softness to the skin. The METHOCEL* cellulose ether provides viscosity and emulsion stability. It also provides lubricity- yielding a non-oily feel and excellent application qualities (no drag or tackiness). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | pH = 5.8-6.2 Brookfield Viscosity: LVT Helipath TE @ 0.3 rpm, 778,500 cps | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | At room temperature begin mixing ingredient #1 under propeller mixing at medium speed. Add METHOCEL 40-202 cellulose ether slowly to ingredient #1, continue mixing at medium speed for (approximately 5-10 minutes). Add ingredient #3 to batch. Add pre-mixed Sequence #4 while mixing batch (pH should read ~ 8.5). Mix for approximately 10-15 minutes to completely hydrate the METHOCEL. Heat batch to 60°C on Homomixer at low speed (approximately 5 minutes). Add pre-mixed sequence #5 to batch. Mix and heat sequence #6 to 63-67°C under propeller mixing, until melted and completely clear. Then add to batch on Homomixer at medium speed, mixing for 1-2 minutes. Cool batch down using sweep blade at low speed to approximately 35°C. At 35°C add pre-mixed Sequence #7 to batch, followed by Sequence #8. Cool down to 25°C. At 25°C add Sequence #9 to the desired pH. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skin Care: Defense Moisturizing Skin Cream | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Facial care >> Moisturizing products (creams & lotions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | LIPO Chemicals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | moisturizing protection smoothness softness | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | This Defense Moisturizer Skin Cream offers all day defense, coupled with all day moisturization. It offers broad-spectrum daily protection against incidental sun exposure from both UVA and UVB rays, and over time, helps prevent the signs of premature aging, helping skin retain its youthful appearance. This cream absorbs quickly into skin due to the combination of light emollients and moisturizers that last all day to help skin stay soft, smooth and beautiful. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | pH:6.2 ± 0.2 Viscosity:LV TE @ 0.5 RPM 525,000 cps ± 10% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | 1. Heat A to 78ºC. 2. Dry mix B and add to A with propeller mixer at medium speed. Mix until gums are completely hydrated. 3. Premix C and add to batch without heating (Hold batch temperature at 78ºC). 4. Premix D and add to batch without heating. 5. In another vessel mix and heat E to 80ºC until completely clear. Add to the batch with homomixer at low to medium speed for 1 to 2 minutes. 6. Place back on the propeller mixer, at low speed with small vortex, and mix | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Toiletries: Foot Care: Moisturizing Foot Cream | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Toiletries (Shower & Bath, Oral care...) >> Foot care | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | Desert Whale Jojoba | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | fresh feeling/cooling effect glossy/ultra-glossy moisturizing smoothness softness | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | This gentle moisturizing foot cream will leave the feet feeling soft and refreshed. Hydrolyzed Jojoba Protein is a solution of hydrolyzed jojoba protein derived from the jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) seed and Jojoba Amino Acids is a solution of jojoba amino acids derived from these hydrolyzed jojoba proteins. Hydrolyzed Jojoba Protein and Jojoba Amino Acids provide excellent natural moisture retention and film forming properties to both skin and hair formulations. They greatly improve the body, gloss and smoothness of hair. The low molecular weight amino acids in Jojoba Amino Acids are capable of penetrating the hair shaft to provide moisturization and luster to the hair. The high molecular weight proteins in Hydrolyzed Jojoba Protein are able to fill and moisturize the skin surface, redu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | To a suitably sized vessel, weigh in the required amount of Phase A water. Begin mixing and add the remaining Phase A ingredients. Continue mixing and heat to 75ºC. In a separate vessel, weigh in the Phase B ingredients (in order). When possible, begin mixing and heat to 75ºC. Add Phase B to Phase A with good mixing. Mix until uniform. Continue mixing and cool to 50 to 55ºC. Continue mixing and slowly sift in the Phase C ingredients. Avoid lumping. Continue mixing and cool to 35ºC. Continue mixing and add the Phase D ingredients. Continue mixing until uniform and cool to the desired filling temperature. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skin Care:Facial Care:MOISTURIZING CREAM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Facial care >> Moisturizing products (creams & lotions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | Zenitech | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | moisturizing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | MOISTURIZING CREAM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | PH: 7.3 VISCOSITY (CPS): 10,000 CPS TA @ 5 RPM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | HEAT PHASE A TO 70C. HEAT PHASE B TO 70C. ADD PHASE B TO PHASE A. COOL TO 60-65C ADD PHASE C. COOL TO 45C AND ADD PHASE D. HOMOGENIZE UNTIL UNIFORM. COOL TO 30C AND PACKAGE. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skin Care: Moisturizing Facial Cream Exfoliator | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Facial cleansing >> Exfoliating products | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | Desert Whale Jojoba | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | long-lasting moisturizing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | An exfoliating facial cream with JOJOBA BUTTER BEADS™ to gently exfoliate the face, and JOJOBA AQUA SOL to moisturize the skin, while acting as a mild, non-ionic surfactant. The JOJOBA BUTTER BEADS melt into the skin upon rub-in for long-lasting moisturization. JOJOBA AQUA SOL also acts as a pH adjuster and secondary emulsifying agent in the formula. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | Combine Versene & water of phase C with propellor. Slowly add Lathanol to phase C with prop, scraping sides occasionally, then heat to 75C with prop. Mix with prop as slowly as possible to minimize foam. Add Pluracare to C with prop maintaining 70-75C, scraping sides occasionally. Add Aqua Sol to C with prop maintaining 70-75C. Combine phase B, heat & mix occasionally until clear. Combine water & Versene of phase A with prop. Sprinkle in Cellosize with prop, and heat to 75C. Combine phase D & heat to 80C in oil bath. Add premixed phase B to phase A with prop. @ 75C. Add phase C to phase AB @ 75C with prop. Add phase D @ 80C to phase ABC @ 75C with prop, slowly allowing the additions to be taken in. Add phase E to phase ABCD @ 50C with prop. & switch to sweep. Add phase F at RT with sweep. Add phase G at RT with sweep. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skin care: Moisturizing Day Cream- Dry Skin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Facial care >> Moisturizing products (creams & lotions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | Hydromer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | moisturizing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | This day cream is made for dry skin. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | Mix phase A and heat to 750C. Mix phase B and heat to 750C. Mix intensive with Ultra -Turrax. Cool down to 450C while stirring. Add phase C mix short term with Ultra -Turrax. Cool down to 300C whilst stirring. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skin Care: Fast Absorbing Facial Moisturizing Cream | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Facial care >> Moisturizing products (creams & lotions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | Lubrizol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | moisturizing stickiness reducing/non-sticky | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Novemer™ EC-2 Polymer offers excellent viscosity building, emulsion stabilization, and sensory modification to this moisturizer which is emulsified by naturally derived Glucate™ SS and Glucamate™ SSE-20 Emulsifiers. Glucam™ E-10 Humectant enhances humectancy and reduces the sticky feel of glycerin in the formulation. The proper combination of Schercemol™ DISM, SHS and CO Esters provides elegant emolliency with enhanced skin hydration as well as a cascading sensory experience to this fast absorbing moisturizing cream. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | Appearance: Creamy white cream pH: 6.5 – 7.0 Viscosity (mPa·s): 20,000 – 23,000 (Brookfield DVII+ viscometer spindle #6 @ 20 rpm, 25°C, taken after 24 hours Stability: Passed 3 months @ 25 & 45°C, Passed 5 freeze/thaw cycles Novemer™ EC-2 Polymer (%TS): 0.34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | 1. PART A: Mix PART A ingredients and heat to 70°C. 2. PART B: In a separate vessel, mix PART B ingredients and heat to 70°C. 3. Add PART B to PART A with high speed mixing until uniform. 4. Add Novemer™* EC-2 Polymer to batch with mixing. Mix until uniform. 5. Add Citric Acid (5 %TS) to batch with mixing. Mix until uniform. 6. Cool batch to 50°C with mixing. 7. Add PART E ingredients to batch one at a time. Mix until uniform. 8. Continue cooling while mixing. Stop mixing at 35°C. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skin Care: Moisturizing Cream (O/W) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Facial care >> Moisturizing products (creams & lotions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | Sisterna | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | moisturizing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Moisturizing Cream (O/W) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | pH : 6.7 Viscosity : 60.000 mPas Centrifuge test : Stable (6.000 rpm, 20 min.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | Heat the water (1) to 75ºC. Mix phase (2) while stirring slowly, before heating to 75ºC. Disperse phase (3) into phase (2), shortly before adding it to the water phase. Add the mixture of phase (2) and (3) to phase (1) while homogenising with an Ultra-Turrax. Add phase (4), homogenise and cool to 40ºC, while stirring. Add phase (5) and (6) and homogenise shortly. Cool further to 30ºC while stirring slowly. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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