A lotion is a low- to medium-viscosity, topical preparation intended for application to unbroken skin. By contrast, creams and gels have higher viscosity.
Lotions are usually applied to external skin with bare hands, a clean cloth, cotton wool or gauze. Many lotions, especially hand creams and face cream are formulated not as a medicine delivery system, but simply to smooth, re-hydrate, and soften the skin. These are particularly popular with the aging and aged demographic groups, and in the case of face usage, can also be classified as a cosmetic in many cases, and may contain fragrances.
Most lotions are oil-in-water emulsions using a substance such as cetearyl alcohol to keep the emulsion together, but water-in-oil lotions are also formulated. The key components of a skin care lotion, cream or gel emulsion (that is mixtures of oil and water) are the aqueous and oily phases, an emulgent to prevent separation of these two phases, and, if used, the drug substance or substances. A wide variety of other ingredients such as fragrances, glycerol, petroleum jelly, dyes, preservatives, proteins and stabilizing agents are commonly added to lotions. Lotions can be used for the delivery to the skin of medications such as:
- Antibiotics
- Antiseptics
- Antifungals
- Corticosteroids
- Anti-acne agents
- Soothing, smoothing, moisturizing or protective agents (such as calamine)
It is not unusual for the same drug ingredient to be formulated into a lotion, cream and ointment. Creams are the most convenient of the three but are inappropriate for application to regions of hairy skin such as the scalp, while a lotion is less viscous and may be readily applied to these areas (many medicated shampoos are in fact lotions). Historically, lotions also had an advantage in that they may be spread thinly compared to a cream or ointment and may economically cover a large area of skin, but product research has steadily eroded this distinction. Non-comedogenic lotions are recommended for use on acne prone skin.
Cold cream
History
The invention of cold cream is credited to Galen, a physician in second century Greece.GALEN, the celebrated physician of Pergamus, in Asia, but who distinguished himself at Athens, Alexandria, and Rome... was the inventor of that particular unguent, a mixture of grease and water, which is now distinguished as cold cream in perfumery, and as Ceratum Galeni in pharmacy.-George William Septimus Piesse (1857), The Art of Perfumery
In France, this substance is still known as cérat de Galien ('Galen's Wax'). A copy of the London Dispensatory, edited by Nicholas Culpeper and published in the year 1650 included the following formula for this substance:Take of white wax four ounces, oyl of roses omphacine a pound; melt in a double vessel, then powr it out into another, by degrees putting in cold water, and often powring it out of one vessel into another, stirring it till it be white ; last of all wash it in rose water, adding a little rose water and rose vineger.[3]
-Nicholas Culpeper (1650), London Dispensatory
An 1814 poem credited to "Dr. Russell" gives the following account of the benefits attributed to cold cream in that day:WHEN a pot of cold cream to Eliza you send,
You with words to this purpose your present commend;Whoe'er with this cream shall her countenance smear,
All redness and roughness will strait disappear,
And the skin to a wonder be charmingly clear;
If pimples arise, this will take them away;
If the small-pox should mark you, those marks will decay;
If wrinkled through age, or bad dawbing the face is,
'Twill be smooth in a trice, as the best Venice glass is;
All this, and much more (could I spare time to write it,
Or my pen go as fast, as your lips would indite it)
You affirm of your cream: and I would not abuse it,
But pray tell me one thing—Do you yourself use it?[4]
—Dr. Russell, To A Lady: in imitation of the thirtieth Epigram of the fifth Book of Martial
Galen's cold cream was based on beeswax and water, also containing olive oil and rose petals for softness and scent, respectively. Significant differences in formula were established centuries ago. Spermaceti from whales was utilized as far back as 1780, contributing to the severe hunting of these animals. This 1857 account relates:The modern formula for cold cream is, however, quite a different thing to that given in the works of Galen, in point of odour and quality, although substantially the same--grease and water. In perfumery there are several kinds of cold cream, distinguished by their odour, such as that of camphor, almond, violet, roses, &c.
Modern formulation
Cold cream now replaces the olive oil with mineral oil or other oils, which are slower to spoil, as well as alcohol, glycerin, and lanolin. Beginning in the 1970s, jojoba oil became a common ingredient. Another common ingredient in modern cold cream is borax, which is also responsible for the whiteness of cold cream. Widely sold brands of cold cream in the United States include Pond's and Noxzema.Over the centuries, new uses have been found for the product: "As a toilet requisite cold cream is used for softening and cooling the skin after sunburn, as a cleansing cream, to relieve harshness of the skin, etc".
| Body Care: Winter Wonder Hand Lotion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Body care >> Hand creams & Lotions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | Floratech | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | moisturizing softness soothing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | This hand lotion soothes and softens the skin as it relieves dryness. The combination of the Floraesters and Florasun 90 provides a conditioning effect, while the Floraesters K-100 and Glycerin combination moisturizes the skin leaving it smooth and healthy looking. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | 1. Heat water of Phase A to 80°C. Add Glycerin, PEG-8 and Dimethicone to water and mix with moderate propeller agitation. 2. Combine all ingredients of Phase B; mix and heat to 80°C. Add Phase B to Phase A. Mix for approximately 20 minutes. 3. Pre-mix and heat Phase C to 60°C, add to Phase AB. Reduce heat to 40°C. 4. Add Phase D. Continue to mix, reduce heat and allow temperature to reach 25°C. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skin care:HAND AND BODY LOTION | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Body care >> Hand creams & Lotions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | United-Guardian, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | smoothness transparency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | This creamy opaque lotion leaves a silky smooth after feel on the skin. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | Heat water to 75° C. Add in Carbomer and stir until dissolved. Add remaining water-phase ingredients and stir until dissolved. Separately heat and mix together the oil phase-ingredients to 72°C. Slowly add the oil phase to the water phase with agitation. When uniform, stir cool to 55°C. Separately heat the silicone-phase ingredients to 50°C. Slowly add this silicone phase to the emulsion with agitation. Stir for 30 minutes. Cool with agitation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skin care: Low Cost Hand and Body Lotion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Body care >> Hand creams & Lotions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | Amchem | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | non-greasy softness | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | This formulation exhibits the soft feel and emolliency of traditional lotion without greasiness. This features the combination of parabens and hydantoin liquid type preservative. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | 1. Disperse Carbomer in water. 2. Mix components of C in a separate container. 3. Heat both phases to 80 C,then add C to A. 4. Cool down and neutralize with TEA. 5. Add the preservative and allow to mix. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skin Care:Hand creams & Lotions:Moisturizing Hand Cream with Jojoba Amino Acids and Shea Butter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Body care >> Hand creams & Lotions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | Desert Whale Jojoba | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | moisturizing protection smoothness softness | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | This gentle, moisturizing hand cream will leave your hands feeling soft and smooth. Jojoba amino acids derived from the hydrolyzed jojoba proteins found in jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) seed. Jojoba Amino Acids provides excellent moisture retention and film forming properties to both skin and hair formulations. These low molecular weight amino acids are capable of penetrating the hair shaft to provide moisturization and luster to the hair. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | To a suitably sized vessel, weigh in the required amount of Phase A water. Begin mixing and add the remaining Phase A ingredients. Continue mixing and heat to 75ºC. In a separate vessel, weigh in the Phase B ingredients (in order). When possible, begin mixing and heat to 75ºC. Add Phase B to Phase A with good mixing. Mix until uniform. Continue mixing and cool to 50 to 55ºC. Continue mixing and slowly sift in the Phase C ingredients. Avoid lumping. Continue mixing and cool to 35ºC. Continue mixing and add the Phase D ingredients. Continue mixing until uniform and cool to the desired filling temperature. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skin Care: Protective Hand Lotion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Body care >> Hand creams & Lotions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | United-Guardian, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | moisturizing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | This creamy white pumpable lotion is an excellent moisturizer. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | Add the deionized water to the final mixing vessel. Add the remaining components of Phase A to the deionized water with mixing and heat to 75 – 80°C. In a separate vessel mix the components of Phase B and heat to 75 – 80°C. Add Phase B to Phase A with mixing. Add phase C and continue mixing until homogenous. Cool the batch to 45°C and add phase D. Cool to 25°C and package | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skin Care:Hydro-Intense Moisturizing Hand Lotion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Body care >> Hand creams & Lotions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | National Starch and Chemical-Personal Care | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | moisturizing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Hydroxyethyl Urea moisturizing agent delivers moisturization with a pleasant after feel to this hand care lotion. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | pH: 6-7; Viscosity: 14,200 cps (Brookfield RVF, Spindle T-C,10 rpm) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | Phase A: Combine all ingredients with propeller mixing at 500-600 rpm. Heat to 75°C. Phase B: Combine all ingredients in a separate vessel and heat to 80°C. Once both Phase A and Phase B have reached temperature, slowly add Phase B to Phase A. Mix for 10 minutes at 75°C. Turn off heat. Continue to mix at 500-600 rpm and cool below 45°C. Phase C: Add below 45°C. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skin care: W/O Body Care Lotion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Body care >> Moisturizing products (creams & lotions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | Hydrior AG | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Body Care Lotion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | Weight in all ingredients for the oil phase and heat up to approx. 80 "C. Add the aqueous phase within approx. 20 minutes while stirring. Hold the temperature at least at 70"C. After the addition of the aqueous phase cool the mixture down to 50 - 60 "C. Homogenize with a rotor/stator system at approx. 10'000 rpm for two minutes and for a further minute after cooling down to approx. 35 "C. Add the perfume. The emulsion can be bottled after cooling down to 25 °C. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skin care: Body care - Silky Body Lotion with RonaCare® Biotin Plus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Body care >> Moisturizing products (creams & lotions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | EMD Chemicals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | silky feel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Silky Body Lotion with RonaCare® Biotin Plus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | pH value (25°C): 7.00 Viscosity: 25 000 mPa.s (Brookfield DV-II+, spindle C, 5 rpm, Helipath) at 25°C Appearance: white emulsion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | Heat phases A and B to 75°C. Add phase B into phase A. Homogenize. Cool down to room temperature while stirring. Add preservatives and fragrance. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skin Care: Body Lotion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category | Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) >> Body care >> Moisturizing products (creams & lotions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier | Kobo Products, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End consumer benefits | moisturizing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | This lightweight moisturizing lotion contains Kobo's ultralight Microsphere Complex-SPC/KTZ Interval Green-I2. Due to its light weight this pearl does not settle in this lotion and gives the subtle green pearlescent effect. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingredients |
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| Properties | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procedure | 1. In a container, add Part 1. Disperse using mixer. 2. In a container, add Part 2 ingredients, add to part one while mixing. 3. Heat Parts 1 and 2 to 70-75°C. 4. In a container, add Part 3. Heat until melted. 5. Add Part 3 to Parts 1 and 2 while mixing. 6. In a container, add part 4. 7. At 30°C add Part 4. 8. Gently mix in Part 5 when cool. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Komentar ini telah dihapus oleh pengarang.
BalasHapusPretty nice post and very well maintained. Thanks for posting, keep updating.
BalasHapusMoisturizing Hand Care Lotion